Molecular pathology of age-related macular degeneration

X Ding, M Patel, CC Chan - Progress in retinal and eye research, 2009 - Elsevier
Progress in retinal and eye research, 2009Elsevier
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the
world. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD remain largely unclear, a complex
interaction of genetic and environmental factors is thought to exist. AMD pathology is
characterized by degeneration involving the retinal photoreceptors, retinal pigment
epithelium, and Bruch's membrane, as well as, in some cases, alterations in choroidal
capillaries. Recent research on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of AMD brings to …
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD remain largely unclear, a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors is thought to exist. AMD pathology is characterized by degeneration involving the retinal photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and Bruch's membrane, as well as, in some cases, alterations in choroidal capillaries. Recent research on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of AMD brings to light several basic molecular pathways and pathophysiological processes that might mediate AMD risk, progression, and/or response to therapy. This review summarizes, in detail, the molecular pathological findings in both humans and animal models, including genetic variations in CFH, CX3CR1, and ARMS2/HtrA1, as well as the role of numerous molecules implicated in inflammation, apoptosis, cholesterol trafficking, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
Elsevier