[CITATION][C] Proinflammatory S100 proteins in arthritis and autoimmune disease

D Foell, J Roth - Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2004 - Wiley Online Library
D Foell, J Roth
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2004Wiley Online Library
Aberrant adaptive immune responses and disturbed activation of innate immune
mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and other autoinflammatory
diseases (1). The innate immune system is equipped with a large repertoire of cellular and
humoral components which are normally capable of establishing rapid effector mechanisms
that protect the host organism from various challenges. The parallel engagement of different
signaling pathways and the extensive interconnection between many proinflammatory …
Aberrant adaptive immune responses and disturbed activation of innate immune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and other autoinflammatory diseases (1). The innate immune system is equipped with a large repertoire of cellular and humoral components which are normally capable of establishing rapid effector mechanisms that protect the host organism from various challenges. The parallel engagement of different signaling pathways and the extensive interconnection between many proinflammatory mediators lead to a redundancy and selfamplification of innate immune responses. Disturbed regulation of this complicated network involving proand antiinflammatory factors may cause autoinflammation (2).
An important cell population integrating many of these mechanisms is the population of phagocytes, especially macrophages (3), due to a virtually endless source of soluble mediators and cell surface receptors. Neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages are abundant in the inflamed synovial membrane, and their activation correlates significantly with the severity of inflammatory arthritis. Macrophages may be involved in the initiation of arthritis as antigen-presenting cells, but they also contribute to disease progression since they exhibit widespread proinflammatory, destructive, and remodeling capabilities (4, 5). However, macrophages are not a homogeneous cell population, since they encompass distinct phenotypes which exhibit a wide
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