Insights into the manifestations, outcomes, and mechanisms of leukemogenesis in Down syndrome

S Malinge, S Izraeli, JD Crispino - Blood, The Journal of the …, 2009 - ashpublications.org
S Malinge, S Izraeli, JD Crispino
Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology, 2009ashpublications.org
Children with Down syndrome (DS) show a spectrum of clinical anomalies, including
cognitive impairment, cardiac malformations, and craniofacial dysmorphy. Moreover,
hematologists have also noted that these children commonly show macrocytosis, abnormal
platelet counts, and an increased incidence of transient myeloproliferative disease (TMD),
acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL), and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). In this review,
we summarize the clinical manifestations and characteristics of these leukemias, provide an …
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) show a spectrum of clinical anomalies, including cognitive impairment, cardiac malformations, and craniofacial dysmorphy. Moreover, hematologists have also noted that these children commonly show macrocytosis, abnormal platelet counts, and an increased incidence of transient myeloproliferative disease (TMD), acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL), and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). In this review, we summarize the clinical manifestations and characteristics of these leukemias, provide an update on therapeutic strategies and patient outcomes, and discuss the most recent advances in DS-leukemia research. With the increased knowledge of the way in which trisomy 21 affects hematopoiesis and the specific genetic mutations that are found in DS-associated leukemias, we are well on our way toward designing improved strategies for treating both myeloid and lymphoid malignancies in this high-risk population.
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