Specific immunotherapies for CML patients targeting T cell antigens might eliminate residual CML cells after chemotherapy, in combination with imatinib or other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and might enhance a specific graft versus leukemia effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation without aggravating the graft versus host disease. For an effective specific immunotherapy in CML, the use of leukemia‐associated antigens (LAAs) with an optimal expression pattern is required. In this work, we review known LAAs which are able to induce specific CD8 positive T cell responses and which are appropriate target structures for immunological targeting of CML cells. Moreover, an overview on LAA‐targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for CML patients are given.