To determine whether toll-like receptor (TLR) 10 or TLR6, or even both genes are involved in asthma genetics, genotyping of polymorphisms within both genes on asthmatics and controls were performed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The asthmatic population included 322 children from Germany with doctor-diagnosed asthma and proven bronchial hyperactivity as defined as a fall in forced expiratory volume in one second by at least 5% on provocation with histamine or exercise using standard protocols. The controls were 270 randomly chosen individuals. Two polymorphisms within TLR6 and 7 within TLR10 were genotyped for their identification numbers, as well as their position on chromosome 4 and within the respective gene. None of these polymorphisms showed association with bronchial asthma. However, haplotype analyses spanning both genes revealed association with asthma (P=0.0065).