The visual disabilities of oculocutaneous albinism are discussed in the light of a series of 32 such patients seen in South-west Scotland between 1962 and 1978. Possible explanations for these defects are considered, with reference to an original series of light and electron microscopic sections from early embryos by Dr John Shaw-Dunn of the Department of Anatomy of Glasgow University which may afford clues to the relationship between the pigmentary and neurological aspects of the condition. Various forms of treatment which have been suggested are debated, and the author's own approach is described. Emphasis is laid on the social needs of the albino, and ways of meeting these are put forward.