Activation of the IL-6/Stat3 via IL-6 trans-signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a large bowel cancer and occurs with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease. The role of the IL-6/Stat3 in the development of CAC has not been fully understood. We investigate whether IL-6 trans-signaling contributes to the development of CAC using a mouse colitis-associated premalignant cancer (CApC) model. Chronic colitis (CC) was induced in BALB/c mice using dextran sodium sulfate. CApC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate treatment to CC-affected mice. IL-6 expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining in colon. Phospho-Stat3 expression was examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The expression of IL-6 receptors (ie, the IL-6R α-chain and gp130) and tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme in the colon was examined by laser-capture microdissection and immunofluorescence staining. Soluble IL-6Rα (sIL-6Rα) was examined by Western blotting of epithelial cell-depleted colonic tissues. We also investigated whether a soluble gp130-Fc fusion protein could prevent CApC. IL-6 expression was increased in the colon of CC-and CApC-affected mice and was restricted to lamina propria-macrophages. The expression of IL-6Rα and tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme was increased in the lamina propria CD11b-macrophages of CC-affected mice. sIL-6Rα expression was also increased in these tissues. Reduced levels of IL-6Rα generation were observed in the colonic epithelial cells of CC-and CApC-affected mice and were associated with the increased expression of gp130 and phospho-Stat3. Treatment with soluble gp130Fc significantly reduced the CApC. IL-6 trans-signaling in epithelial cells induced by macrophage-derived IL-6/sIL-6Rα plays a crucial role in the development of CAC.