Pathologists play an important role in the management of urinary bladder cancer by making
a careful morphologic assessment of the primary tumor and its relation to adjacent
structures. Ideally, evaluation of the primary site will segregate patients into groups with
distinct clinical features, biologic behavior, and response to therapy. Traditionally, to
accomplish this goal, pathologists have relied on factors such as histologic tumor type,
grade, depth of invasion, and presence or absence of vascular invasion. Recently, in an …