The use of the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus led to major advances in
the field of transplantation, with excellent short-term outcome. However, the chronic
nephrotoxicity of these drugs is the Achilles' heel of current immunosuppressive regimens. In
this review, the authors summarize the clinical features and histologic appearance of both
acute and chronic calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity in renal and nonrenal transplantation,
together with the pitfalls in its diagnosis. The authors also review the available literature on …