The flagellar cytoskeleton of the spirochetes

CW Wolgemuth, NW Charon, SF Goldstein… - Journal of molecular …, 2006 - karger.com
CW Wolgemuth, NW Charon, SF Goldstein, RE Goldstein
Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology, 2006karger.com
The recent discoveries of prokaryotic homologs of all three major eukaryotic cytoskeletal
proteins (actin, tubulin, intermediate filaments) have spurred a resurgence of activity in the
field of bacterial morphology. In spirochetes, however, it has long been known that the
flagellar filaments act as a cytoskeletal protein structure, contributing to their shape and
conferring motility on this unique phylum of bacteria. Therefore, revisiting the spirochete
cytoskeleton may lead to new paradigms for exploring general features of prokaryotic …
Abstract
The recent discoveries of prokaryotic homologs of all three major eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins (actin, tubulin, intermediate filaments) have spurred a resurgence of activity in the field of bacterial morphology. In spirochetes, however, it has long been known that the flagellar filaments act as a cytoskeletal protein structure, contributing to their shape and conferring motility on this unique phylum of bacteria. Therefore, revisiting the spirochete cytoskeleton may lead to new paradigms for exploring general features of prokaryotic morphology. This review discusses the role that the periplasmic flagella in spirochetes play in maintaining shape and producing motility. We focus on four species of spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema denticola, Treponema phagedenis and Leptonema (formerly Leptospira) illini. In spirochetes, the flagella reside in the periplasmic space. Rotation of the flagella in the above species by a flagellar motor induces changes in the cell morphology that drives motility. Mutants that do not produce flagella have a markedly different shape than wild-type cells.
Karger