Resistin is an adipokine that was independently identified by three groups. Kim et al. identified resistin as an adipose tissue-specific secreted factor by microarray analysis (1). Holcomb et al. identified resistin as “found in inflammatory zone 3”(FIZZ3) by a homology search of the expressed sequence tag (EST) database against a related protein induced during lung inflammation which is known as FIZZ1 (2). Steppan et al. identified resistin by a screen for genes that are induced during adipocyte differentiation but downregulated in mature adipocytes when exposed to thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of common used antidiabetic drugs (3). The first functional study on resistin revealed that it is an important factor linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (3). After that, several follow-up studies have explored the role of resistin in obesity and type 2 diabetes and its underlying mechanisms. Recently, several studies showed that resistin may also play a pivotal role in inflammation and process of inflammation-related diseases. This review will summarize the current understanding of the biology and physiology of resistin, with emphasis on its role in inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.