Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family
S Akira, H Hemmi - Immunology letters, 2003 - Elsevier
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins involved in innate immunity by
recognizing microbial conserved structures. Recent studies have shown that TLR3
recognizes dsRNA, a viral product, whereas TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG motifs
frequently found in the genome of bacteria and viruses, but not vertebrates. TLR7
recognizes small synthetic immune modifiers including imiquimod, R-848, loxoribine, and
bropirimine, all of which are already applied or promising for clinical use against viral …
recognizing microbial conserved structures. Recent studies have shown that TLR3
recognizes dsRNA, a viral product, whereas TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG motifs
frequently found in the genome of bacteria and viruses, but not vertebrates. TLR7
recognizes small synthetic immune modifiers including imiquimod, R-848, loxoribine, and
bropirimine, all of which are already applied or promising for clinical use against viral …