< jats: p>< jats: italic> Background—Coronary heart disease patients with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, high triglyceride levels, or both are at an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but the clinical impact of raising HDL-C or decreasing triglycerides remains to be confirmed.< jats: p>< jats: italic> Methods and Results—In a double-blind trial, 3090 patients with a previous myocardial infarction or stable angina, total cholesterol of 180 to 250 mg/dL, HDL-C≤ 45 mg/dL, triglycerides≤ 300 mg/dL, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol≤ 180 mg/dL were randomized to receive either 400 mg of bezafibrate per day or a placebo; they were followed for a mean of 6.2 years. The primary end point was fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction or sudden death. Bezafibrate increased HDL-C by 18% and reduced triglycerides by 21%. The frequency of the primary end point was 13.6% on bezafibrate versus 15.0% on placebo (< jats: italic> P= 0.26). After 6.2 years, the reduction in the cumulative probability of the primary end point was 7.3%,(< jats: italic> P= 0.24). In a post hoc analysis in the subgroup with high baseline triglycerides (≥ 200 mg/dL), the reduction in the cumulative probability of the primary end point by bezafibrate was 39.5%(< jats: italic> P= 0.02). Total and noncardiac mortality rates were similar, and adverse events and cancer were equally distributed.< jats: p>< jats: italic> Conclusions—Bezafibrate was safe and effective in elevating HDL-C levels and lowering triglycerides. An overall trend in a reduction of the incidence of primary end points was observed. The reduction in the primary end point in patients with high baseline triglycerides (≥ 200 mg/dL) requires further confirmation.