The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are a group of cytokines central to the hematopoiesis
of blood cells, the modulation of their functional responses, as well as the maintenance of
homeostasis and overall immune competence. This group consists of the macrophage-CSF
(M-CSF), granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), and multi-
CSF (IL-3). M-CSF and G-CSF are relatively lineage-specific, having a role in the
proliferation, differentiation, and survival of macrophages, neutrophils, and their precursors …