Focuses on the contribution of the inflammatory cascade to renal ischemia--reperfusion
injury. Information that cytokines and chemokines participate in leukocyte migration to the
diseased kidney; Information that hydrogen peroxide, which is the oxygen free radicals
leaded after reperfusion injury directly activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
(MAPK); Claim that p38 MAPK is one of the key molecules involved in chemokine/cytokine
production, which brings about the initiation of inflammation after reperfusion injury.

Introduction 3. Induction of chemokines after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury 4. Pro-
inflammatory cytokines augment inflammation after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury 5.
Intracellular signaling pathways linking ischemic injury to chemokine production. 6.
Chemokine expression in the injured kidney 7. Temporal and spatial aspects of leukocyte
infiltration in renal IR injury 8. Cytokines and chemokines in renal transplantation 9. Anti-
inflammatory treatment approaches in renal IR injury 10. Conclusion