Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are characterized by a constitutive and abnormal activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor. This study, conducted in vitro on 18 patients, shows that targeting the IKB kinase 2 (IKK2) kinase with the specific pharmacologic inhibitor AS602868 to block NF-κB activation led to apoptosis of human primary AML cells. Moreover, AS602868 potentiated the apoptotic response induced by the current chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, cytarabine, or etoposide (VP16). AS602868-induced cell death was associated with rupture of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of cellular caspases. NF-κB inhibition did not affect normal CD34⁺ hematopoietic precursors, suggesting that it could represent a new adjuvant strategy for AML treatment.