Abbreviations: NDDG, National Diabetes Data Group; WHO, World Health Organization; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ADA, American Diabetes Association; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; ICA, islet cell antibody; IAA, insulin autoantibodies; IA2, tyrosine phosphatase-2; MODY, maturity-onset diabetes in the young; LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; UKPDS, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2h-PG, 2 hour plasma glucose; DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial; DPT-1, Diabetes Prevention Trial-1; CARE, Cholesterol and Current Events Trial; CHD, coronary heart disease; INS, insulin gene; VNTR, variable number of tandem repeats; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; 4S, Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study.