Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone (GH) secretion emanating from a
somatotroph adenoma. High GH and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels lead to acral
changes and bony disfigurement, as well as soft tissue overgrowth with characteristic facial
and peripheral features, headache, joint pains, and soft tissue swelling. Common
comorbidities include hypertension, glucose intolerance, arthritis, and sleep apnea, all
leading to increased mortality if left untreated. Management includes transsphenoidal …

Pituitary tumors account for about 15% of primary intracranial neoplasms. Proliferation of
pituitary cells, which secrete hormones, may result in a spectrum of endocrine symptoms.
Tumors that originate from pituitary somatotroph cells lead to aberrant secretion of growth
hormone and the distinctive features of acromegaly. This review discusses advances in the
understanding and treatment of acromegaly.