[HTML][HTML] Cyclic AMP-specific PDE4 phosphodiesterases as critical components of cyclic AMP signaling

M Conti, W Richter, C Mehats, G Livera, JY Park… - Journal of Biological …, 2003 - ASBMB
In the five decades that have elapsed since the identification of the second messenger
cAMP, most of the components involved in this signaling pathway have been identified, and
many of their functions are understood at the molecular and atomic levels. Yet an
unexpected and often disconcerting outcome of this progress is the realization that
apparently identical cAMP signals induce divergent physiological responses. Countless
reports indicate that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) 1 that activate the cAMP pathway …