The role of IFN-gamma in systemic lupus erythematosus: a challenge to the Th1/Th2 paradigm in autoimmunity
AN Theofilopoulos, S Koundouris, DH Kono… - Arthritis Research & …, 2001 - Springer
AN Theofilopoulos, S Koundouris, DH Kono, BR Lawson
Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2001•SpringerThe classification of T helper cells into type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) led to the hypothesis
that Th1 cells and their cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, interferon [IFN]-γ) are involved in cell-
mediated autoimmune diseases, and that Th2 cells and their cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-
13) are involved in autoantibody (humoral)-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, this
paradigm has been refuted by recent studies in several induced and spontaneous mouse
models of systemic lupus erythematosus, which showed that IFN-γ is a major effector …
that Th1 cells and their cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, interferon [IFN]-γ) are involved in cell-
mediated autoimmune diseases, and that Th2 cells and their cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-
13) are involved in autoantibody (humoral)-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, this
paradigm has been refuted by recent studies in several induced and spontaneous mouse
models of systemic lupus erythematosus, which showed that IFN-γ is a major effector …
Abstract
The classification of T helper cells into type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) led to the hypothesis that Th1 cells and their cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, interferon [IFN]-γ) are involved in cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and that Th2 cells and their cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) are involved in autoantibody(humoral)-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, this paradigm has been refuted by recent studies in several induced and spontaneous mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus, which showed that IFN-γ is a major effector molecule in this disease. These and additional findings, reviewed here, suggest that these two cross-talking classes of cytokines can exert autoimmune disease-promoting or disease-inhibiting effects without predictability or strict adherence to the Th1-versus-Th2 dualism.
Springer
