PURPOSE: Pain is a significant problem in many patients with genitourinary malignancy at
all stages of disease. Optimal pain control becomes a primary concern as disease
progresses and other therapies are exhausted. The selection of the most appropriate
therapy becomes difficult without an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pain
and the available therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature
regarding the mechanisms and assessment of pain syndromes was performed. All available …