The evidence for a role of parathyroid hormone in the bone loss after the menopause remains controversial. This study examines the effect of parathyroidectomy on femoral trabecular bone volume, thickness, and spacing and biochemical markers of bone turnover in the oophorectomized rat. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats 3 months old were double sham operated (sham), oophorectomized (OPX), parathyroidectomized (PTX), or oophorectomized and parathyroidectomized (O/P) under halothane anesthesia. At 9 weeks postoperation, femoral trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) was lower in OPX and O/P rats compared with sham or PTX animals (BV/TV, %, mean + SEM): sham 25.9 + 0.5, OPX 15.1 + 0.9, PTX 24.1 + 0.9, O/P 17.3 + 0.5; p < 0.001). Urinary hydroxyproline excretion, serum osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity were higher in OPX and O/P rats compared with control animals at 3 weeks postoperation (OHPE μM GF, mean + SEM: sham 1.37 + 0.16, OPX 2.16 + 0.26, PTX 0.95 + 0.21, O/P 1.92 + 0.22, p < 0.005; osteocalcin, μg/liter, sham 31.8 + 1.8, OPX 33.7 + 2.7, PTX 24.5 + 2.1, O/P 34.3 + 2.1, p < 0.025; alkaline phosphatase, U/liter, sham 90 + 3, OPX 125 + 9, PTX 87 + 9, O/P 116 + 11, p < 0.005). These data indicate postoophorectomy bone loss is not prevented by parathyroidectomy.