Mucosal immunity in the genital tract: prospects for vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases—a review
MW Russell, SR Hedges, HY Wu… - American journal of …, 1999 - Wiley Online Library
MW Russell, SR Hedges, HY Wu, EW Hook III, J Mestecky
American journal of reproductive immunology, 1999•Wiley Online LibraryPROBLEM: Consistent with the absence of protective immunity resulting from previous
infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the genital mucosal immune response in human
gonorrhea is weak: only low levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA)
antibodies are detectable against gonococci, and inflammatory cytokine responses are poor.
METHOD OF STUDY: Mucosal immunization strategies designed to induce persisting
genital antibody responses might afford protection against infection, if appropriate …
infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the genital mucosal immune response in human
gonorrhea is weak: only low levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA)
antibodies are detectable against gonococci, and inflammatory cytokine responses are poor.
METHOD OF STUDY: Mucosal immunization strategies designed to induce persisting
genital antibody responses might afford protection against infection, if appropriate …
PROBLEM: Consistent with the absence of protective immunity resulting from previous infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the genital mucosal immune response in human gonorrhea is weak: only low levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies are detectable against gonococci, and inflammatory cytokine responses are poor.
METHOD OF STUDY: Mucosal immunization strategies designed to induce persisting genital antibody responses might afford protection against infection, if appropriate conserved antigens can also be identified.
RESULTS: Intragastric or intranasal immunization with bacterial antigens expressed as recombinant chimeric proteins with cholera toxin A2/B subunits induced persisting IgA antibodies in genital and other secretions, and circulating IgG antibodies.
CONCLUSION: Although gonococci may avoid inducing or even suppress immune responses during natural infection, alternative approaches to vaccine development may be successful. However, inadequate understanding of the origins of antibodies in the genital tract, and their effector mechanisms, will need to be rectified to make this possible.
Wiley Online Library