There is much evidence that cytokines play a very important role in the maintenance of
pregnancy by modulating immune and endocrine systems. Placental tissue produces
cytokines and hormones that are essential to the regulation of the feto-maternal unit.
Decidual lymphocytes express cell surface markers for activation, such as CD69 and HLA-
DR, and these cells secrete many cytokines. Recent studies suggested that in pregnant
women, cytokines produced by Th2 cells predominate over those produced by Th1 cells …