Nitric oxide, a key signaling molecule, is produced by a family of enzymes collectively called nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Here, we report the crystal structure of the heme domain of endothelial NOS in tetrahydrobiopterin (H₄B)-free and -bound forms at 1.95 Å and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively. In both structures a zinc ion is tetrahedrally coordinated to pairs of symmetry-related cysteine residues at the dimer interface. The phylogenetically conserved Cys-(X)₄-Cys motif and its strategic location establish a structural role for the metal center in maintaining the integrity of the H₄B-binding site. The unexpected recognition of the substrate, L-arginine, at the H₄B site indicates that this site is poised to stabilize a positively charged pterin ring and suggests a model involving a cationic pterin radical in the catalytic cycle.