Immunological responses are considered to be either humoral, resulting from cloning of B
lymphocytes, or cell mediated, resulting from cloning of T lymphocytes. Autoimmune
diseases occur when the cloned products attack host tissue. Inflammation is considered a
nonspecific response to injury, characterized by exudation of serum into damaged tissue,
and identified by the cardinal signs of rubor, calor, dolor, and tumor. However, these classic
mechanisms do not fit pathological observations of Alzheimer disease (AD)–affected brain …