Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors which are activated by fatty acids and derivatives. The PPAR [alpha] form has been shown to mediate the action of the hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. PPAR [alpha] activators furthermore improve glucose homeostasis and influence body weight and energy homeostasis. It is likely that these actions of PPAR [alpha] activators on lipid, glucose and energy metabolism are, at least in part, due to the increase of hepatic fatty acid [beta]-oxidation resulting in an enhanced fatty acid flux and degradation in the liver. Moreover, PPARs are expressed in different immunological and vascular wall cell types where they exert anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic activities. The observation that these receptors are also expressed in atherosclerotic lesions suggests a role in atherogenesis. Finally, PPAR [alpha] activators correct age-related dysregulations in redox balance. Taken together, these data indicate a modulatory role for PPAR [alpha] in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, predisposing to atherosclerosis.