[HTML][HTML] Tumor necrosis factor-α induces differentiation of and bone resorption by osteoclasts

Y Azuma, K Kaji, R Katogi, S Takeshita… - Journal of Biological …, 2000 - ASBMB
Osteoclast progenitors differentiate into mature osteoclasts in the presence of receptor
activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand on stromal or osteoblastic cells and monocyte macrophage
colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). The soluble RANK ligand induces the same
differentiation in vitro without stromal cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a potent
cytokine involved in the regulation of osteoclast activity, promotes bone resorption via a
primary effect on osteoblasts; however, it remains unclear whether TNF-α can also directly …