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Abstract
Alternative splicing–triggered nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (AS-NMD) critically regulates gene expression, but the extent to which neuronal genes are regulated by AS-NMD remains understudied. Here, we identified over 3,000 developmentally regulated AS-NMD exons in mouse and human brains and validated them in cultured neurons. AS-NMD suppresses synaptic genes during brain development and differentially regulates more than 200 causal genes for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We detected a poison exon in GRIA2 and identified splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides that suppressed GRIA2 NMD and increased its functional isoforms. In summary, this study uncovers genes repressed by AS-NMD in the brain and nominates amenable splice-switching targets for treating dominant NDDs such as autism spectrum disorders and developmental epileptic encephalopathy.
Authors
Kaining Hu, Runwei Yang, Jiaming Qiu, Xinran Feng, Kayleigh J. LaPre, Jessica Tanouye, Yalan Yang, Xiaochang Zhang
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Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)