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Pneumococcal meningitis is promoted by single cocci expressing pilus adhesin RrgA
Federico Iovino, … , Priyanka Nannapaneni, Birgitta Henriques-Normark
Federico Iovino, … , Priyanka Nannapaneni, Birgitta Henriques-Normark
Published August 1, 2016; First published June 27, 2016
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2016;126(8):2821-2826. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI84705.
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Categories: Brief Report Infectious disease Microbiology

Pneumococcal meningitis is promoted by single cocci expressing pilus adhesin RrgA

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Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the primary cause of bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcal bacteria penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the bacterial factors that enable this process are not known. Here, we determined that expression of pneumococcal pilus-1, which includes the pilus adhesin RrgA, promotes bacterial penetration through the BBB in a mouse model. S. pneumoniae that colonized the respiratory epithelium and grew in the bloodstream were chains of variable lengths; however, the pneumococci that entered the brain were division-competent, spherical, single cocci that expressed adhesive RrgA–containing pili. The cell division protein DivIVA, which is required for an ovoid shape, was localized at the poles and septum of pneumococcal chains of ovoid, nonseparated bacteria, but was absent in spherical, single cocci. In the bloodstream, a small percentage of pneumococci appeared as piliated, RrgA-expressing, DivIVA-negative single cocci, suggesting that only a minority of S. pneumoniae are poised to cross the BBB. Together, our data indicate that small bacterial cell size, which is signified by the absence of DivIVA, and the presence of an adhesive RrgA-containing pilus-1 mediate pneumococcal passage from the bloodstream through the BBB into the brain to cause lethal meningitis.

Authors

Federico Iovino, Disa L. Hammarlöf, Genevieve Garriss, Sarah Brovall, Priyanka Nannapaneni, Birgitta Henriques-Normark

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Figure 1

Pilus-1 promotes invasion of S. pneumoniae into the brain.

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Pilus-1 promotes invasion of S. pneumoniae into the brain.
C57BL/6 mice ...
C57BL/6 mice were infected i.v. with (A) serotype 6B isolates, (B) TIGR4 and isogenic pilus mutants, and (C) D39 and piliated D39▼(rlrA-srtD). Graphs show the number of pneumococci found in the brain: each dot represents 1 mouse; black bars show the average values. n = 15 per group (3 experiments with n = 5 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, by nonparametric ANOVA, followed by Dunn’s test (A and B) and by nonparametric, 2-tailed Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test (C).
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