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ATP6AP2 variant impairs CNS development and neuronal survival to cause fulminant neurodegeneration
Takuo Hirose, … , Genevieve Nguyen, Matthias Groszer
Takuo Hirose, … , Genevieve Nguyen, Matthias Groszer
Published April 15, 2019
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2019;129(5):2145-2162. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI79990.
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Research Article Genetics Neuroscience

ATP6AP2 variant impairs CNS development and neuronal survival to cause fulminant neurodegeneration

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Abstract

Vacuolar H+-ATPase–dependent (V-ATPase–dependent) functions are critical for neural proteostasis and are involved in neurodegeneration and brain tumorigenesis. We identified a patient with fulminant neurodegeneration of the developing brain carrying a de novo splice site variant in ATP6AP2 encoding an accessory protein of the V-ATPase. Functional studies of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived (iPSC-derived) neurons from this patient revealed reduced spontaneous activity and severe deficiency in lysosomal acidification and protein degradation leading to neuronal cell death. These deficiencies could be rescued by expression of full-length ATP6AP2. Conditional deletion of Atp6ap2 in developing mouse brain impaired V-ATPase–dependent functions, causing impaired neural stem cell self-renewal, premature neuronal differentiation, and apoptosis resulting in degeneration of nearly the entire cortex. In vitro studies revealed that ATP6AP2 deficiency decreases V-ATPase membrane assembly and increases endosomal-lysosomal fusion. We conclude that ATP6AP2 is a key mediator of V-ATPase–dependent signaling and protein degradation in the developing human central nervous system.

Authors

Takuo Hirose, Alfredo Cabrera-Socorro, David Chitayat, Thomas Lemonnier, Olivier Féraud, Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz, Nicolas Gervasi, Cedric Mombereau, Tanay Ghosh, Loredana Stoica, Jeanne d’Arc Al Bacha, Hiroshi Yamada, Marcel A. Lauterbach, Marc Guillon, Kiriko Kaneko, Joy W. Norris, Komudi Siriwardena, Susan Blasér, Jérémie Teillon, Roberto Mendoza-Londono, Marion Russeau, Julien Hadoux, Sadayoshi Ito, Pierre Corvol, Maria G. Matheus, Kenton R. Holden, Kohji Takei, Valentina Emiliani, Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli, Charles E. Schwartz, Genevieve Nguyen, Matthias Groszer

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Figure 5

Postnatal Atp6ap2 deletion in postmitotic neurons causes behavioral deficits and accumulation of protein aggregates.

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Postnatal Atp6ap2 deletion in postmitotic neurons causes behavioral defi...
(A and B) Abnormal limb clasping (A) and hyperlocomotion (B) in the open field in 4-month-old Atp6ap2lox/y CamK2a-Cre–cKO. Data show mean ± SEM; n = 7 different animals per group. *P < 0.05, 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post test. (C) Deficient long-term memory in 6-month-old (n = 13 different animals per group; right) but not in 4-month-old (n = 5 different animals per group; left) cKO mice. Data show individual values and mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05; ns, P > 0.05; Student’s t test (unpaired, 2-tailed). (D) Immunostaining in cKOs shows enlarged lysosomes and accumulation of LC3B and p62 aggregates in the hippocampus (CA1). Scale bars: 10 μm. Right: Quantification of LC3B+ punctae per nucleus. Data show individual values and mean ± SEM; n = 6 different animals per group. ***P < 0.001, Student’s t test (unpaired, 2-tailed). (E) Left: Gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein) immunofluorescence is increased in the cKO CA1 hippocampus. Right: Decreased number of NeuN+ neuronal nuclei in the CA1 hippocampus in 6-month-old cKO mice. Data show individual values and mean ± SEM; n = 8 different animals per group. **P < 0.01, Student’s t test (unpaired, 2-tailed). Scale bars: 50 μm. (F) Electron microscopy shows accumulation of electron-dense material in hippocampal CA1 neurons in cKO mice.
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