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New challenges in studying nutrition-disease interactions in the developing world
Andrew M. Prentice, M. Eric Gershwin, Ulrich E. Schaible, Gerald T. Keusch, Cesar G. Victora, Jeffrey I. Gordon
Andrew M. Prentice, M. Eric Gershwin, Ulrich E. Schaible, Gerald T. Keusch, Cesar G. Victora, Jeffrey I. Gordon
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Review Series

New challenges in studying nutrition-disease interactions in the developing world

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Abstract

Latest estimates indicate that nutritional deficiencies account for 3 million child deaths each year in less-developed countries. Targeted nutritional interventions could therefore save millions of lives. However, such interventions require careful optimization to maximize benefit and avoid harm. Progress toward designing effective life-saving interventions is currently hampered by some serious gaps in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in humans. In this Personal Perspective, we highlight some of these gaps and make some proposals as to how improved research methods and technologies can be brought to bear on the problems of undernourished children in the developing world.

Authors

Andrew M. Prentice, M. Eric Gershwin, Ulrich E. Schaible, Gerald T. Keusch, Cesar G. Victora, Jeffrey I. Gordon

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Figure 2

Differing pathophysiological responses to nutrient depletion.

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Differing pathophysiological responses to nutrient depletion.
Nutritiona...
Nutritional deficiencies can be categorized as Type I or Type II according to the physiological responses of the body to dietary deficiency. In Type I deficiencies, growth continues in children, eventually resulting in tissues becoming depleted in the nutrient, leading to metabolic dysfunction and consequent ill health. As the illness has characteristic signs and symptoms, the deficient nutrient can be identified and remedied. With Type II nutrient deficiency, the response is for the body to stop growing and repairing tissue to conserve the nutrient, or even to break down its own tissues to make the nutrient available. Other Type II nutrients are lost in the process. No characteristic signs or symptoms differentiate one Type II nutrient deficiency from another, and detecting deficiency is complex. It is therefore almost impossible to determine which nutrient is causing the growth failure.

Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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