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CaMKII regulates retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity and the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells
Jutong Si, … , LeMoyne Mueller, Steven J. Collins
Jutong Si, … , LeMoyne Mueller, Steven J. Collins
Published May 1, 2007
Citation Information: J Clin Invest. 2007;117(5):1412-1421. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI30779.
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Research Article Oncology

CaMKII regulates retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity and the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells

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Abstract

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family and regulate the proliferation and differentiation of multiple different cell types, including promyelocytic leukemia cells. Here we describe a biochemical/functional interaction between the Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) and RARs that modulates the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. We observe that CaMKIIγ is the CaMK that is predominantly expressed in myeloid cells. CaMKII inhibits RAR transcriptional activity, and this enzyme directly interacts with RAR through a CaMKII LxxLL binding motif. CaMKIIγ phosphorylates RARα both in vitro and in vivo, and this phosphorylation inhibits RARα activity by enhancing its interaction with transcriptional corepressors. In myeloid cell lines, CaMKIIγ localizes to RAR target sites within myeloid gene promoters but dissociates from the promoter upon retinoic acid–induced myeloid cell differentiation. KN62, a pharmacological inhibitor of the CaMKs, enhances the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemia cell lines, and this is associated with a reduction in activated (autophosphorylated) CaMKII in the terminally differentiating cells. These observations reveal a significant cross-talk between Ca2+ and retinoic acid signaling pathways that regulates the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells, and they suggest that CaMKIIγ may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of certain human myeloid leukemias.

Authors

Jutong Si, LeMoyne Mueller, Steven J. Collins

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Figure 2

Regulation of RAR activity by CaMKII.

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Regulation of RAR activity by CaMKII.
(A) HL60 cells were electroporated...
(A) HL60 cells were electroporated with the βRARE-tk-Luc reporter (25 μg) together with expression vectors (20 μg) harboring WT or constitutively activated (ca) CaMKII cDNAs (CaMKIIα). ATRA (1 μM) was added, and relative luciferase activity determined after 6 hours. (B) HL60 cells were stably transduced with empty (control) retroviral vectors and with vectors harboring CaMKIIγ shRNAs as detailed in Methods. Western blotting identified 6 CaMKIIγ shRNA–transduced HL60 subclones (A6, B2, B5, B6, C2, and C18) with reduced CaMKIIγ protein expression. (C) Pooled subclones of the CaMKIIγ shRNA vector–transduced HL60 cells that exhibited reduced CaMKIIγ expression on Western blots (B) together with control (empty) vector–transduced HL60 cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated with CaMKIIγ antibody; the immunoprecipitates were assayed for both Ca2+/CaM–independent (EGTA) and Ca2+/CaM–dependent (Ca2+/CaM) enzyme activity. (D) Pooled subclones described in C that exhibited reduced CaMKIIγ expression/activity (B and C) as well as control (empty) vector–transduced cells were electroporated with the βRARE-tk-Luc reporter (25 μg), and relative luciferase activity was determined as described above. (E) The subclones described in C that exhibited reduced CaMKIIγ expression/activity (B and C) as well as control vector–transduced cells were treated with RA (1 nM) for 5 days followed by FACS quantitation of Cd11b surface antigen. (F) HL60 cells were electroporated with the βRARE-tk-Luc reporter (25 μg) together with a control empty vector or a vector harboring the CaMKII-inhibitory protein (CaMKIINα), and relative luciferase activity determined as described above.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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