(A–E) CD11c⁺ cells from granulomatous of old αμIL4TKO mice were injected into the intestinal wall at the ileocecal junction in young αμIL4TKO mice. IL-4 (A, n = 5) or PBS (B, n = 5), or IgG from TCRαKO mice (C, n = 5) or WT mice (D, n = 5), were administered into recipient mice. Recipient mice were sacrificed at 3 weeks after local cell transfer. Scores of granulomas are summarized in E. Statistical significance is indicated by asterisks. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.0001. (F) RNA isolated from ileocecal junction of recipient mice with administration of PBS (black line, n = 5), IL-4 (red line, n = 5), or IgG (blue line, n = 5) was subjected to QPCR analysis for the detection of β-actin, IL-12p40, and p19. Lines represent the averages of 5 mice in each group. (G) Purified CD11c⁺ cells from granulomas of old αμIL4TKO mice were injected into the intestinal wall at the ileocecal junction in young αμIL4TKO mice without (top panels) or with (bottom panels) depletion of enteric bacteria by treatment with a combination of antibiotics. No granulomas were detectable in the decontaminated recipient mice (n = 8). Gross findings (left panels) show no recognizable nodular formation in the ileocecal junction with enlargement of cecum in the mouse with depleted enteric flora (bottom left) versus presence of granuloma formation in the ileocecal junction (arrow) without enlargement in the control mouse with enteric flora (top left).