Abstract
CoA facilitates fatty acid synthesis, energy production, gene regulation, and antioxidant function. While CoA biosynthesis is well characterized, the mechanisms governing CoA degradation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the Metazoan Homolog of SpoT, MESH1, as a CoA phosphatase that dephosphorylates CoA at the 3′ position of the ribose ring to form dephospho-CoA. Recent studies have shown that CoA, similar to glutathione, is a cysteine-derived metabolite that protects cells against ferroptosis. Ferroptosis induced by blocking cystine import depletes CoA biosynthesis, while CoA restoration rescues cells from ferroptosis. We found that MESH1 knockdown preserved CoA levels by preventing its degradation, contributing to ferroptosis protection, indicating the bifunctional role of MESH1 in regulating CoA and previously reported NADPH. Mechanistically, MESH1 knockdown elevates CoA levels, maintaining a functional mitochondrial thioredoxin system, thereby preventing mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. In Drosophila, we found that dMesh1 overexpression leads to ferroptosis-mediated muscle atrophy, which can be rescued by increasing CoA and NADPH levels. Taken together, these findings establish MESH1 as a key phosphatase that governs ferroptosis sensitivity by coordinating CoA and NADPH homeostasis, unveiling a link between CoA degradation, mitochondrial integrity, and muscle health.
Authors
Chao-Chieh Lin, Joshua Rose, Alexander A. Mestre, Chien-Kung Cornelia Ding, Ssu-Yu Chen, Sze Mun Choy, Kah Yong Goh, Weiyi Jiang, Wen Xing Lee, Qizhou Jiang, Yanting Chen, Tianai Sun, Jianli Wu, Yueqi Chen, Yunju Oh, Pyeonghwa Jeong, Jiyong Hong, Kenon Chua, Michael C. Fitzgerald, Guo-Fang Zhang, Hong-Wen Tang, Pei Zhou, Jen-Tsan Chi
Figure 5
MESH1 is upregulated in cancer cachexia and regulates ferroptosis in mammalian muscle cells.
Copyright © 2026 American Society for Clinical Investigation
ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)