Ldlr^–/–Acod1^–/– and control Ldlr^–/– mice (6–12 weeks old) were fed a Western diet (Envigo, TD-88137) for 12 weeks. Plaque area was measured in the aortic root (A, n = 7–8/sex/group), thoracic/abdominal aorta (C, males n = 9–16, females n = 12–14), and aortic arch (D, n = 7–8/sex/group). Representative aortic arch images from females are shown (B and E). Circulating T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (F, males n = 10–16, females n = 12–14, pooled right), gated as CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD19^– cells. Shown are representative dot plots (G). Weight gain (H, males n = 11–16, females n = 14–15), plasma cholesterol (I, n = 8–11/group), and liver IL-1β levels (J, n = 8–10/group, pooled right) were quantified. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney U test (A, C, and D) or Welch’s t test (F–J). Scale bars: 300 μm (B) and 1 mm (E).