(A) Kidney damage markers in vehicle- and rmIFN-γ-treated WT kidneys. (B) Representative plots of kidney sections immunostained for IL-9 and comparison of the IL-9⁺ area between vehicle- and rmIFN-γ–treated kidneys. (C) Kidney damage markers in control antibody- and anti–IFN-γ antibody–treated Vsir–/– kidneys. (D) Representative plots of kidney sections immunostained for IL-9 and comparison of the IL-9⁺ area between control antibody- and anti–IFN-γ antibody–treated kidneys. (E) Kidney damage markers in NTN-induced Rag1–/– mice with adoptive transfer of naive CD8⁺ T cells from WT and Ifng–/– mice. (F) Representative plots of kidney sections immunostained for IL-9 and comparison of the IL-9⁺ area in NTN-induced Rag1–/– kidneys between WT mouse-derived and Ifng–/– mouse–derived naive CD8⁺ T cell transfer. (G) Kidney damage markers in vehicle- and rmIL-9–treated WT kidneys. (H) Representative plots of kidney sections immunostained for Sirius red and comparison of the Sirius red⁺ area between vehicle- and rmIL-9-treated WT kidneys. (I) Kidney damage markers in control antibody- and anti–IL-9 antibody–treated Vsir–/– kidneys. (J) Representative plots of kidney sections immunostained for Sirius red and comparison of the Sirius red⁺ area between control antibody– and anti–IL-9 antibody–treated Vsir–/– kidneys. Scale bars: 100 μm. (K) Representative PAS staining images of control antibody- and anti–IL-9 antibody–treated Vsir–/– kidneys. Scale bars: 100 μm. (L) Glomerular and tubular injury scores in control antibody– and anti–IL-9 antibody–treated Vsir–/– kidneys. (M) Proportions of T cell subsets in control antibody– and anti–IL-9 antibody–treated Vsir–/– kidneys. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 4–7 per group). P values were calculated using an unpaired Student’s t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Data represent 2 or 3 independent experiments.