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Usage Information

Reducing bias: accounting for the order of co–first authors
Arturo Casadevall, Gregg L. Semenza, Sarah Jackson, Gordon Tomaselli, Rexford S. Ahima
Arturo Casadevall, Gregg L. Semenza, Sarah Jackson, Gordon Tomaselli, Rexford S. Ahima
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Editorial

Reducing bias: accounting for the order of co–first authors

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Abstract

Reflecting an increasing emphasis on collaborative science, the number of authors on published articles has markedly risen with time. With this trend, we see an increase in papers designating 2 or more co–first authors. To improve transparency in how such designations are made and reduce bias in the assignment of order, the JCI is now requiring an explanation for how the first-author position is determined when shared among contributing authors.

Authors

Arturo Casadevall, Gregg L. Semenza, Sarah Jackson, Gordon Tomaselli, Rexford S. Ahima

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Usage data is cumulative from May 2025 through May 2026.

Usage JCI PMC
Text version 3,777 115
PDF 1,300 13
Citation downloads 330 0
Totals 5,407 128
Total Views 5,535
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Usage information is collected from two different sources: this site (JCI) and Pubmed Central (PMC). JCI information (compiled daily) shows human readership based on methods we employ to screen out robotic usage. PMC information (aggregated monthly) is also similarly screened of robotic usage.

Various methods are used to distinguish robotic usage. For example, Google automatically scans articles to add to its search index and identifies itself as robotic; other services might not clearly identify themselves as robotic, or they are new or unknown as robotic. Because this activity can be misinterpreted as human readership, data may be re-processed periodically to reflect an improved understanding of robotic activity. Because of these factors, readers should consider usage information illustrative but subject to change.

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ISSN: 0021-9738 (print), 1558-8238 (online)

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