@article{10.1172/JCI118732, author = {H J Aanstoot AND S M Kang AND J Kim AND L A Lindsay AND U Roll AND M Knip AND M Atkinson AND P Mose-Larsen AND S Fey AND J Ludvigsson}, journal = {The Journal of Clinical Investigation}, publisher = {The American Society for Clinical Investigation}, title = {Identification and characterization of glima 38, a glycosylated islet cell membrane antigen, which together with GAD65 and IA2 marks the early phases of autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes.}, year = {1996}, month = {6}, volume = {97}, url = {https://www.jci.org/articles/view/118732}, pages = {2772-2783}, abstract = {Immunoprecipitating IgG autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65, and/or a tyrosine phosphatase, IA2, are present in the majority of individuals experiencing pancreatic beta cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes. Here we identify a third islet cell autoantigen, a novel 38-kD protein, which is specifically immunoprecipitated with sera from a subset of prediabetic individuals and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. The 38-kD autoantigen, named glima 38, is an amphiphilic membrane glycoprotein, specifically expressed in islet and neuronal cell lines, and thus shares the neuroendocrine expression patterns of GAD65 and IA2. Removal of N-linked carbohydrates results in a protein of 22,000 M(r). Glima 38 autoantibodies were detected in 16/86 (19%) of newly diagnosed patients, including three very young children, who had a rapid onset of disease, and in 6/44 (14%) of prediabetic individuals up to several years before clinical onset. The cumulative incidence of GAD65 and glima 38 antibodies in these two groups was 83 and 80%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence of GAD65, glima 38, and IA2 antibodies in the same groups was 91 and 84%, respectively. GAD65, IA2, and glima 38 represent three distinct targets of immunoprecipitating IgG autoantibodies associated with beta cell destruction and type 1 diabetes.}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1172/JCI118732}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118732}, }