Compartmentalization, viral evolution, and viral latency of HIV in the CNS

MM Bednar, CB Sturdevant, LA Tompkins… - Current HIV/AIDS …, 2015 - Springer
MM Bednar, CB Sturdevant, LA Tompkins, KT Arrildt, E Dukhovlinova, LP Kincer…
Current HIV/AIDS Reports, 2015Springer
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection occurs throughout the body and can
have dramatic physical effects, such as neurocognitive impairment in the central nervous
system (CNS). Furthermore, examining the virus that resides in the CNS is challenging due
to its location and can only be done using samples collected either at autopsy, indirectly
form the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), or through the use of animal models. The unique milieu
of the CNS fosters viral compartmentalization as well as evolution of viral sequences …
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection occurs throughout the body and can have dramatic physical effects, such as neurocognitive impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, examining the virus that resides in the CNS is challenging due to its location and can only be done using samples collected either at autopsy, indirectly form the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), or through the use of animal models. The unique milieu of the CNS fosters viral compartmentalization as well as evolution of viral sequences, allowing for new cell types, such as macrophages and microglia, to be infected. Treatment must also cross the blood–brain barrier adding additional obstacles in eliminating viral populations in the CNS. These long-lived infected cell types and treatment barriers may affect functional cure strategies in people on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
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