The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats
D Dubuisson, SG Dennis - pain, 1977 - Elsevier
A method for assessing pain and analgesia in rats and cats is described. The procedure
involves subcutaneous injection of dilute formalin into the forepaw, after which the animal's
responses are rated according to objective behavioral criteria. The formalin test is a
statistically valid technique which has two advantages over other pain tests: 1.(1) little or no
restraint is necessary, permitting unhindered observation of the complete range of
behavioral responses; and 2.(2) the pain stimulus is continuous rather than transient, thus …
involves subcutaneous injection of dilute formalin into the forepaw, after which the animal's
responses are rated according to objective behavioral criteria. The formalin test is a
statistically valid technique which has two advantages over other pain tests: 1.(1) little or no
restraint is necessary, permitting unhindered observation of the complete range of
behavioral responses; and 2.(2) the pain stimulus is continuous rather than transient, thus …