Factors associated with response to high-dose interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma

GQ Phan, P Attia, SM Steinberg, DE White… - Journal of Clinical …, 2001 - ascopubs.org
GQ Phan, P Attia, SM Steinberg, DE White, SA Rosenberg
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2001ascopubs.org
PURPOSE: The present study attempted to identify characteristics that correlated with
clinical response to interleukin (IL)-2 therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated laboratory and clinical
characteristics of 374 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma treated with high-dose
intravenous bolus IL-2 (720,000 IU/kg) from July 1, 1988, to December 31, 1999, at the
Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS: The overall objective response …
PURPOSE: The present study attempted to identify characteristics that correlated with clinical response to interleukin (IL)-2 therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated laboratory and clinical characteristics of 374 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma treated with high-dose intravenous bolus IL-2 (720,000 IU/kg) from July 1, 1988, to December 31, 1999, at the Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute.
RESULTS: The overall objective response rate was 15.5%. Pretreatment parameters such as patient demographics, laboratory values, and prior therapy did not correlate with response; however, 53.6% of patients with only subcutaneous and/or cutaneous metastases responded, compared with 12.4% of patients with disease at other sites (P2 = .000001). During therapy, patients who were responders tended to have received more doses during course 1 (16.2 ± 0.3 doses v 14.5 ± 0.2 doses; P2 = .0095); however, when limited to patients who were able to complete both cycles of course 1, there was no statistically significant difference (P2 = .27). Responders had a higher maximum lymphocyte count immediately after therapy compared with nonresponders (P2 = .0026). The development of abnormal thyroid function tests and vitiligo after therapy was associated with response (thyroid-stimulating hormone, P2 = .01; free T4, P2 = .0049; vitiligo, P2 < 10−6), although thyroid dysfunction may have been related more to the length of IL-2 therapy than to response.
CONCLUSION: The presence of metastases only to subcutaneous and/or cutaneous sites, lymphocytosis immediately after treatment, and long-term immunologic side effects, especially vitiligo, were associated with antitumor response to IL-2 therapy.
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