Low back pain from Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a common disorder, affecting
quality of life and presenting a significant burden to industrialized societies. While DDD has
been attributed to the accumulation of environmental factors imposed on the “normal” aging
changes, studies have shown that the effects are modest. In fact, twin and familial
aggregation studies have indicated a significant genetic contribution. Indeed, this is
supported by the subsequent identification of genetic risk factors for DDD such as Vitamin D …