Protecting axonal degeneration by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models

S Kaneko, J Wang, M Kaneko, G Yiu… - Journal of …, 2006 - Soc Neuroscience
S Kaneko, J Wang, M Kaneko, G Yiu, JM Hurrell, T Chitnis, SJ Khoury, Z He
Journal of Neuroscience, 2006Soc Neuroscience
Axonal damage is a major morphological alteration in the CNS of patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
However, the underlying mechanism for the axonal damage associated with MS/EAE and its
contribution to the clinical symptoms remain unclear. The expression of a fusion protein,
named “Wallerian degeneration slow”(Wlds), can protect axons from degeneration, likely
through a β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent mechanism. In this study …
Axonal damage is a major morphological alteration in the CNS of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanism for the axonal damage associated with MS/EAE and its contribution to the clinical symptoms remain unclear. The expression of a fusion protein, named “Wallerian degeneration slow” (Wlds), can protect axons from degeneration, likely through a β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent mechanism. In this study, we find that, when induced with EAE, Wlds mice showed a modest attenuation of behavioral deficits and axon loss, suggesting that EAE-associated axon damage may occur by a mechanism similar to Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, nicotinamide (NAm), an NAD biosynthesis precursor, profoundly prevents the degeneration of demyelinated axons and improves the behavioral deficits in EAE models. Finally, we demonstrate that delayed NAm treatment is also beneficial to EAE models, pointing to the therapeutic potential of NAm as a protective agent for EAE and perhaps MS patients.
Soc Neuroscience