Over the past decade, facial cosmetic procedures have become more commonplace in
dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery. An increasing number of patients seek minimal
invasive procedures. One of the most requested procedures is treatment with botulinum
toxin type A (BoNTA). Treatment of dynamic rhytids and lines with BoNTA is effective and
produces high rates of improvement with rapid onset and long duration of action (longer
than 4 months for some patients) compared with placebo. This paper considers the history …