The diversity of costimulatory and inhibitory receptor pathways and the regulation of antiviral T cell responses

A Crawford, EJ Wherry - Current opinion in immunology, 2009 - Elsevier
Current opinion in immunology, 2009Elsevier
T cell responses are regulated by integrating positive and negative signals from
costimulatory and inhibitory receptors. While the function of specific T cell costimulatory
molecules during infections has been appreciated for some time, recent observations have
now revealed a crucial role for inhibitory receptors in regulating T cell responses to
pathogens, especially during chronic infections. A key emerging principle is that there is
considerable diversity in the number and type of inhibitory receptors that can be expressed …
T cell responses are regulated by integrating positive and negative signals from costimulatory and inhibitory receptors. While the function of specific T cell costimulatory molecules during infections has been appreciated for some time, recent observations have now revealed a crucial role for inhibitory receptors in regulating T cell responses to pathogens, especially during chronic infections. A key emerging principle is that there is considerable diversity in the number and type of inhibitory receptors that can be expressed by T cells during both acute and chronic infections. These distinct inhibitory pathways appear to cooperate in regulating T cell function, could have distinct mechanisms of action, and are likely to provide novel therapeutic targets during persisting infections and other diseases.
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