Opposing roles for calcineurin and ATF3 in squamous skin cancer

X Wu, BC Nguyen, P Dziunycz, S Chang, Y Brooks… - Nature, 2010 - nature.com
X Wu, BC Nguyen, P Dziunycz, S Chang, Y Brooks, K Lefort, GFL Hofbauer, GP Dotto
Nature, 2010nature.com
Calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporin A (CsA) are the mainstay of immunosuppressive
treatment for organ transplant recipients. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a
major complication of treatment with these drugs, with a 65 to 100-fold higher risk than in the
normal population. By contrast, the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the other major
keratinocyte-derived tumour of the skin, of melanoma and of internal malignancies increases
to a significantly lesser extent. Here we report that genetic and pharmacological suppression …
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporin A (CsA) are the mainstay of immunosuppressive treatment for organ transplant recipients. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a major complication of treatment with these drugs, with a 65 to 100-fold higher risk than in the normal population. By contrast, the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the other major keratinocyte-derived tumour of the skin, of melanoma and of internal malignancies increases to a significantly lesser extent. Here we report that genetic and pharmacological suppression of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) function promotes tumour formation in mouse skin and in xenografts, in immune compromised mice, of H-rasV12 (also known as Hras1)-expressing primary human keratinocytes or keratinocyte-derived SCC cells. Calcineurin/NFAT inhibition counteracts p53 (also known as TRP53)-dependent cancer cell senescence, thereby increasing tumorigenic potential. ATF3, a member of the ‘enlarged’ AP-1 family, is selectively induced by calcineurin/NFAT inhibition, both under experimental conditions and in clinically occurring tumours, and increased ATF3 expression accounts for suppression of p53-dependent senescence and enhanced tumorigenic potential. Thus, intact calcineurin/NFAT signalling is critically required for p53 and senescence-associated mechanisms that protect against skin squamous cancer development.
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