Monitoring autophagy in mammalian cultured cells through the dynamics of LC3

S Kimura, N Fujita, T Noda, T Yoshimori - Methods in enzymology, 2009 - Elsevier
In this chapter, we introduce several methods that rely on the analysis of LC3, a versatile
marker protein of autophagic structures in mammalian cultured cells. The appearance of
LC3‐positive puncta is indicative of the induction of autophagy, and it is observed either by
immunofluorescence or by GFP‐based microscopy. The maturation process by which
autophagosomes are converted into autolysosomes can be monitored by the GFP and RFP
tandemly tagged LC3 (tfLC3) method. Lysosomal turnover of LC3 is a good index of the …