Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce a complex inflammatory response that functions to alert the
body to infection, neutralize pathogens, and repair damaged tissues. An excessive or
persistent inflammatory response can be fatal, so multiple regulatory mechanisms have
evolved to control the extent and duration of inflammation. Our current understanding of the
control of inflammation is based on negative regulation of TLR signaling. However, TLR-
induced genes have diverse functions, and control of signaling pathways does not allow for …