In autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), circulating red blood cells (RBCs) opsonized with autoantibody are recognized by macrophage Fcγ and complement receptors. This triggers phagocytosis and elimination of RBCs from the circulation by splenic macrophages. We recently found that CD47 on unopsonized RBCs binds macrophage signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), generating a negative signal that prevents phagocytosis of the unopsonized RBCs. We show here that clearance and phagocytosis of opsonized RBCs is also regulated by CD47-SIRPα. The inhibition generated by CD47-SIRPα interaction is strongly attenuated but not absent in mice with only residual activity of the phosphatase Src homology 2 domain–containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1, suggesting that most SIRPα signaling in this system is mediated by SHP-1 phosphatase activity. The macrophage phagocytic response is controlled by an integration of the inhibitory SIRPα signal with prophagocytic signals such as from Fcγ and complement receptor activation. Thus, augmentation of inhibitory CD47-SIRPα signaling may prevent or attenuate RBC clearance in AIHA.